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Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgment
The study was sponsored by a travel grant from Germany/Hong Kong
Joint Research Scheme (Ref: G_HK009/07) of the German Academic
Research Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD))
funded by means of the Federal Ministry of Education and Reserach of
Germany (Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)).
The authors thank aap Biomaterials, Dieburg, Germany, for the
provision of the OSTIM
®
and OSTIM
®
+ collagen type-I implants.
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Fig. 5.
Transmission electron microscopy. Osteoclast-like cell localized in vicinity to a HA fragment with intracellular uptake of HA fragments (arrow) (
a
) and formation of a
ruffled border like resorption zone (
b
). Intracellular accumulation of HA remnants (arrows) by an osteoclast-like cell in vicinity to a HA fragment at lower (
c
) and higher magnifi-
cation with distribution of implant remnants within the entire cytoplasm (
d
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a small contact zone without formation of a ruffled border (
f
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